-
1 creative task
Реклама: творческая задача -
2 task
1. сущ.общ. задача; задание; урок; урочное задание, урочная работаto entrust smb. with a task; to give [set, assign\] smb. a task — поручать кому-л. задание; давать кому-л. задание, поставить задачу перед кем-л.
to perform [fulfil, do, carry out\] a task — выполнить задание
to take on [undertake\] a task — приниматься [браться\] за какую-л. работу [какое-л. задание\]
task in hand — начатая работа; ближайшая задача
pressing task — неотложная [насущная\] задача
priority task — первоочередная [приоритетная\] задача
irksome task — скучное задание, скучная работа
delicate [ticklish\] task — деликатное поручение
household task — домашняя работа, работа по дому
task time — время для выполнения какого-л. задания
to take [call, bring\] smb. to task (for smth.) — сделать выговор (кому-л. за что-л.); дать нагоняй (кому-л. за что-л.)
Syn:See:administrative task, managerial task, task group, task bonus, task culture, task management, task description, task list, task schedule, taskwork, task environment, task identity, task significance, task sharing, subtask, taskmaster, task worker2. гл.1) общ. ставить задачу; давать [поручать\] задание [работу\]to task smb with doing smth, to task smb to do smth — давать задание кому-л. сделать что-л.
2) общ. загружать, обременять -
3 Bibliography
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Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Bibliography
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4 Philosophy
And what I believe to be more important here is that I find in myself an infinity of ideas of certain things which cannot be assumed to be pure nothingness, even though they may have perhaps no existence outside of my thought. These things are not figments of my imagination, even though it is within my power to think of them or not to think of them; on the contrary, they have their own true and immutable natures. Thus, for example, when I imagine a triangle, even though there may perhaps be no such figure anywhere in the world outside of my thought, nor ever have been, nevertheless the figure cannot help having a certain determinate nature... or essence, which is immutable and eternal, which I have not invented and which does not in any way depend upon my mind. (Descartes, 1951, p. 61)Let us console ourselves for not knowing the possible connections between a spider and the rings of Saturn, and continue to examine what is within our reach. (Voltaire, 1961, p. 144)As modern physics started with the Newtonian revolution, so modern philosophy starts with what one might call the Cartesian Catastrophe. The catastrophe consisted in the splitting up of the world into the realms of matter and mind, and the identification of "mind" with conscious thinking. The result of this identification was the shallow rationalism of l'esprit Cartesien, and an impoverishment of psychology which it took three centuries to remedy even in part. (Koestler, 1964, p. 148)It has been made of late a reproach against natural philosophy that it has struck out on a path of its own, and has separated itself more and more widely from the other sciences which are united by common philological and historical studies. The opposition has, in fact, been long apparent, and seems to me to have grown up mainly under the influence of the Hegelian philosophy, or, at any rate, to have been brought out into more distinct relief by that philosophy.... The sole object of Kant's "Critical Philosophy" was to test the sources and the authority of our knowledge, and to fix a definite scope and standard for the researches of philosophy, as compared with other sciences.... [But Hegel's] "Philosophy of Identity" was bolder. It started with the hypothesis that not only spiritual phenomena, but even the actual world-nature, that is, and man-were the result of an act of thought on the part of a creative mind, similar, it was supposed, in kind to the human mind.... The philosophers accused the scientific men of narrowness; the scientific men retorted that the philosophers were crazy. And so it came about that men of science began to lay some stress on the banishment of all philosophic influences from their work; while some of them, including men of the greatest acuteness, went so far as to condemn philosophy altogether, not merely as useless, but as mischievous dreaming. Thus, it must be confessed, not only were the illegitimate pretensions of the Hegelian system to subordinate to itself all other studies rejected, but no regard was paid to the rightful claims of philosophy, that is, the criticism of the sources of cognition, and the definition of the functions of the intellect. (Helmholz, quoted in Dampier, 1966, pp. 291-292)Philosophy remains true to its classical tradition by renouncing it. (Habermas, 1972, p. 317)I have not attempted... to put forward any grand view of the nature of philosophy; nor do I have any such grand view to put forth if I would. It will be obvious that I do not agree with those who see philosophy as the history of "howlers" and progress in philosophy as the debunking of howlers. It will also be obvious that I do not agree with those who see philosophy as the enterprise of putting forward a priori truths about the world.... I see philosophy as a field which has certain central questions, for example, the relation between thought and reality.... It seems obvious that in dealing with these questions philosophers have formulated rival research programs, that they have put forward general hypotheses, and that philosophers within each major research program have modified their hypotheses by trial and error, even if they sometimes refuse to admit that that is what they are doing. To that extent philosophy is a "science." To argue about whether philosophy is a science in any more serious sense seems to me to be hardly a useful occupation.... It does not seem to me important to decide whether science is philosophy or philosophy is science as long as one has a conception of both that makes both essential to a responsible view of the world and of man's place in it. (Putnam, 1975, p. xvii)What can philosophy contribute to solving the problem of the relation [of] mind to body? Twenty years ago, many English-speaking philosophers would have answered: "Nothing beyond an analysis of the various mental concepts." If we seek knowledge of things, they thought, it is to science that we must turn. Philosophy can only cast light upon our concepts of those things.This retreat from things to concepts was not undertaken lightly. Ever since the seventeenth century, the great intellectual fact of our culture has been the incredible expansion of knowledge both in the natural and in the rational sciences (mathematics, logic).The success of science created a crisis in philosophy. What was there for philosophy to do? Hume had already perceived the problem in some degree, and so surely did Kant, but it was not until the twentieth century, with the Vienna Circle and with Wittgenstein, that the difficulty began to weigh heavily. Wittgenstein took the view that philosophy could do no more than strive to undo the intellectual knots it itself had tied, so achieving intellectual release, and even a certain illumination, but no knowledge. A little later, and more optimistically, Ryle saw a positive, if reduced role, for philosophy in mapping the "logical geography" of our concepts: how they stood to each other and how they were to be analyzed....Since that time, however, philosophers in the "analytic" tradition have swung back from Wittgensteinian and even Rylean pessimism to a more traditional conception of the proper role and tasks of philosophy. Many analytic philosophers now would accept the view that the central task of philosophy is to give an account, or at least play a part in giving an account, of the most general nature of things and of man. (Armstrong, 1990, pp. 37-38)8) Philosophy's Evolving Engagement with Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive ScienceIn the beginning, the nature of philosophy's engagement with artificial intelligence and cognitive science was clear enough. The new sciences of the mind were to provide the long-awaited vindication of the most potent dreams of naturalism and materialism. Mind would at last be located firmly within the natural order. We would see in detail how the most perplexing features of the mental realm could be supported by the operations of solely physical laws upon solely physical stuff. Mental causation (the power of, e.g., a belief to cause an action) would emerge as just another species of physical causation. Reasoning would be understood as a kind of automated theorem proving. And the key to both was to be the depiction of the brain as the implementation of multiple higher level programs whose task was to manipulate and transform symbols or representations: inner items with one foot in the physical (they were realized as brain states) and one in the mental (they were bearers of contents, and their physical gymnastics were cleverly designed to respect semantic relationships such as truth preservation). (A. Clark, 1996, p. 1)Socrates of Athens famously declared that "the unexamined life is not worth living," and his motto aptly explains the impulse to philosophize. Taking nothing for granted, philosophy probes and questions the fundamental presuppositions of every area of human inquiry.... [P]art of the job of the philosopher is to keep at a certain critical distance from current doctrines, whether in the sciences or the arts, and to examine instead how the various elements in our world-view clash, or fit together. Some philosophers have tried to incorporate the results of these inquiries into a grand synoptic view of the nature of reality and our human relationship to it. Others have mistrusted system-building, and seen their primary role as one of clarifications, or the removal of obstacles along the road to truth. But all have shared the Socratic vision of using the human intellect to challenge comfortable preconceptions, insisting that every aspect of human theory and practice be subjected to continuing critical scrutiny....Philosophy is, of course, part of a continuing tradition, and there is much to be gained from seeing how that tradition originated and developed. But the principal object of studying the materials in this book is not to pay homage to past genius, but to enrich one's understanding of central problems that are as pressing today as they have always been-problems about knowledge, truth and reality, the nature of the mind, the basis of right action, and the best way to live. These questions help to mark out the territory of philosophy as an academic discipline, but in a wider sense they define the human predicament itself; they will surely continue to be with us for as long as humanity endures. (Cottingham, 1996, pp. xxi-xxii)10) The Distinction between Dionysian Man and Apollonian Man, between Art and Creativity and Reason and Self- ControlIn his study of ancient Greek culture, The Birth of Tragedy, Nietzsche drew what would become a famous distinction, between the Dionysian spirit, the untamed spirit of art and creativity, and the Apollonian, that of reason and self-control. The story of Greek civilization, and all civilizations, Nietzsche implied, was the gradual victory of Apollonian man, with his desire for control over nature and himself, over Dionysian man, who survives only in myth, poetry, music, and drama. Socrates and Plato had attacked the illusions of art as unreal, and had overturned the delicate cultural balance by valuing only man's critical, rational, and controlling consciousness while denigrating his vital life instincts as irrational and base. The result of this division is "Alexandrian man," the civilized and accomplished Greek citizen of the later ancient world, who is "equipped with the greatest forces of knowledge" but in whom the wellsprings of creativity have dried up. (Herman, 1997, pp. 95-96)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Philosophy
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5 set
1) набор; комплект- semiconductor assembly set - set of Belleville springs - set of conventional set - set of drawing instruments - set of gate patterns - set of gauge blocks - set of logical elements - set of statistical data - set of technical aids- snap set2) партия3) совокупность; множество4) установка; агрегат- desk telephone set - dial telephone set- gear set- local-battery telephone set - man-pack radio set - multi-operator welding set - sound-powered telephone set - wall telephone set5) регулировка; настройка || регулировать; настраивать6) группа; ансамбль7) класс; семейство9) схватывание || схватываться10) затвердевание || затвердевать11) крепление || закреплять12) геол. свита пород13) осадка (грунта) || оседать ( о грунте)14) радиоточка15) спорт сет16) включать, приводить в действие17) мат. множествоset closed under operation — множество, замкнутое относительно операции
- absolutely compact set - absolutely continuous set - absolutely convex set - absolutely irreducible set - absolutely measurable set - affinely independent set - affinely invariant set - algebraically independent set - almost finite set - almost full set - angular cluster set - asymptotically indecomposable set - at most denumerable set - centro-symmetric set - completely bounded set - completely continuous set - completely generating set - completely improper set - completely irreducible set - completely nonatomic set - completely normal set - completely ordered set - completely productive set - completely reducible set - completely separable set - constructively nonrecursive set - convexly independent set - countably infinite setto set aside — не учитывать, не принимать во внимание; откладывать
- cut set- cyclically ordered set - deductively inconsistent set - derived set - doubly well-ordered set - dual set of equations - dynamically disconnected set - effectively enumerable set - effectively generating set - effectively nonrecursive set - effectively simple set - enumeration reducible set - finely perfect set - finitely definite set - finitely measurable set- flat set- full set- fully reducible set - functionally closed set - functionally complete set - functionally open set - fundamental probability set - generalized almost periodic set- goal set- internally stable set- knot set- left directed set - left normal set - left-hand cluster set - linearly ordered set - local peak set - locally arcwise set - locally closed set - locally compact set - locally connected set - locally contractible set - locally convex set - locally finite set - locally invariant set - locally negligible set - locally null set - locally polar set - locally polyhedral set - metrically bounded set - metrically dense set - multiply ordered set - nearly analytic set - nearly closed set - nonvoid set - normally ordered set- null set- open in rays set - partitioned data set- peak set- pole set- positively homothetic set- pure set- radially open set - rationally independent set - recursively creative set - recursively indecomposable set - recursively isomorphic set - recursively productive set - regularly convex set - regularly situated sets - relatively closed set - relatively compact set - relatively dense set - relatively interpretable set - relatively open set - right normal set - right-hand cluster set- scar set- sequentially complete set - serially ordered set - set of elementary events - set of first category - set of first kind - set of first species - set of possible outcomes - set of probability null - set of second category - set of second species - shift invariant set - simply connected set - simply ordered set - simply transitive set- skew set- star set- strongly bounded set - strongly closed set - strongly compact set - strongly connected set - strongly convex set - strongly dependent set - strongly disjoint sets - strongly enumerable set - strongly independent set - strongly minimal set - strongly polar set - strongly reducible set - strongly separated set - strongly simple set - strongly stratified set- tame set- tautologically complete set - tautologically consistent set - tautologically inconsistent set- test set- thin set- tie set- time set- totally disconnected set - totally imperfect set - totally ordered set - totally primitive set - totally unimodular set - totally unordered set - truth-table reducible set - uniformly bounded set - uniformly continuous set - uniformly convergent set - uniformly integrable set - uniformly universal set - unilaterally connected set- unit set- vacuous set- void set- weakly compact set - weakly convex set - weakly n-dimensional set - weakly stratified set - weakly wandering set - well chained set - well founded set - well measurable set - well ordering set - well quasiordered set -
6 writing
1. n писаниеat this writing — в то время, когда пишутся эти строки
writing off — списывающий со счетов; списание со счетов
2. n почерк3. n письменность; письмо, система письма4. n письмо; записка5. n документ; письменное соглашение; контракт6. n надпись7. n печатный материал8. n произведение9. n музыкальное произведение10. n стиль, язык11. n профессия литератора12. n книжн. письмена13. n спец. запись, регистрацияСинонимический ряд:1. creative writing (noun) being a playwright; creative writing; freelance writing; journalism; literature; novel writing; poetry; professional writing; verse-writing2. penmanship (noun) autographing; calligraphy; copying by hand; graphology; handwriting; lettering; letter-writing; penmanship; printing3. print (noun) black and white; print4. written output (noun) article; composition; correspondence; document; essay; keeping in touch; manuscript; text; written output5. engrossing (verb) engrossing; inditing; inscribing; scribing6. penning (verb) authoring; penning; publishing7. producing (verb) composing; creating; producing -
7 work
1) работа; труд || работать2) загрузка; работа, объём работы; задание по работе3) место работы, должность4) изделие; произведение; продукция5) pl завод; фабрика; мастерская6) pl строительные работы; сооружения7) обработка || обрабатывать8) действовать; приводить в действие; управлять9) разрабатывать; эксплуатировать; вести предприятие- at work- work off- work out- work up- bad work- day work- job work -
8 Computers
The brain has been compared to a digital computer because the neuron, like a switch or valve, either does or does not complete a circuit. But at that point the similarity ends. The switch in the digital computer is constant in its effect, and its effect is large in proportion to the total output of the machine. The effect produced by the neuron varies with its recovery from [the] refractory phase and with its metabolic state. The number of neurons involved in any action runs into millions so that the influence of any one is negligible.... Any cell in the system can be dispensed with.... The brain is an analogical machine, not digital. Analysis of the integrative activities will probably have to be in statistical terms. (Lashley, quoted in Beach, Hebb, Morgan & Nissen, 1960, p. 539)It is essential to realize that a computer is not a mere "number cruncher," or supercalculating arithmetic machine, although this is how computers are commonly regarded by people having no familiarity with artificial intelligence. Computers do not crunch numbers; they manipulate symbols.... Digital computers originally developed with mathematical problems in mind, are in fact general purpose symbol manipulating machines....The terms "computer" and "computation" are themselves unfortunate, in view of their misleading arithmetical connotations. The definition of artificial intelligence previously cited-"the study of intelligence as computation"-does not imply that intelligence is really counting. Intelligence may be defined as the ability creatively to manipulate symbols, or process information, given the requirements of the task in hand. (Boden, 1981, pp. 15, 16-17)The task is to get computers to explain things to themselves, to ask questions about their experiences so as to cause those explanations to be forthcoming, and to be creative in coming up with explanations that have not been previously available. (Schank, 1986, p. 19)In What Computers Can't Do, written in 1969 (2nd edition, 1972), the main objection to AI was the impossibility of using rules to select only those facts about the real world that were relevant in a given situation. The "Introduction" to the paperback edition of the book, published by Harper & Row in 1979, pointed out further that no one had the slightest idea how to represent the common sense understanding possessed even by a four-year-old. (Dreyfus & Dreyfus, 1986, p. 102)A popular myth says that the invention of the computer diminishes our sense of ourselves, because it shows that rational thought is not special to human beings, but can be carried on by a mere machine. It is a short stop from there to the conclusion that intelligence is mechanical, which many people find to be an affront to all that is most precious and singular about their humanness.In fact, the computer, early in its career, was not an instrument of the philistines, but a humanizing influence. It helped to revive an idea that had fallen into disrepute: the idea that the mind is real, that it has an inner structure and a complex organization, and can be understood in scientific terms. For some three decades, until the 1940s, American psychology had lain in the grip of the ice age of behaviorism, which was antimental through and through. During these years, extreme behaviorists banished the study of thought from their agenda. Mind and consciousness, thinking, imagining, planning, solving problems, were dismissed as worthless for anything except speculation. Only the external aspects of behavior, the surface manifestations, were grist for the scientist's mill, because only they could be observed and measured....It is one of the surprising gifts of the computer in the history of ideas that it played a part in giving back to psychology what it had lost, which was nothing less than the mind itself. In particular, there was a revival of interest in how the mind represents the world internally to itself, by means of knowledge structures such as ideas, symbols, images, and inner narratives, all of which had been consigned to the realm of mysticism. (Campbell, 1989, p. 10)[Our artifacts] only have meaning because we give it to them; their intentionality, like that of smoke signals and writing, is essentially borrowed, hence derivative. To put it bluntly: computers themselves don't mean anything by their tokens (any more than books do)-they only mean what we say they do. Genuine understanding, on the other hand, is intentional "in its own right" and not derivatively from something else. (Haugeland, 1981a, pp. 32-33)he debate over the possibility of computer thought will never be won or lost; it will simply cease to be of interest, like the previous debate over man as a clockwork mechanism. (Bolter, 1984, p. 190)t takes us a long time to emotionally digest a new idea. The computer is too big a step, and too recently made, for us to quickly recover our balance and gauge its potential. It's an enormous accelerator, perhaps the greatest one since the plow, twelve thousand years ago. As an intelligence amplifier, it speeds up everything-including itself-and it continually improves because its heart is information or, more plainly, ideas. We can no more calculate its consequences than Babbage could have foreseen antibiotics, the Pill, or space stations.Further, the effects of those ideas are rapidly compounding, because a computer design is itself just a set of ideas. As we get better at manipulating ideas by building ever better computers, we get better at building even better computers-it's an ever-escalating upward spiral. The early nineteenth century, when the computer's story began, is already so far back that it may as well be the Stone Age. (Rawlins, 1997, p. 19)According to weak AI, the principle value of the computer in the study of the mind is that it gives us a very powerful tool. For example, it enables us to formulate and test hypotheses in a more rigorous and precise fashion than before. But according to strong AI the computer is not merely a tool in the study of the mind; rather the appropriately programmed computer really is a mind in the sense that computers given the right programs can be literally said to understand and have other cognitive states. And according to strong AI, because the programmed computer has cognitive states, the programs are not mere tools that enable us to test psychological explanations; rather, the programs are themselves the explanations. (Searle, 1981b, p. 353)What makes people smarter than machines? They certainly are not quicker or more precise. Yet people are far better at perceiving objects in natural scenes and noting their relations, at understanding language and retrieving contextually appropriate information from memory, at making plans and carrying out contextually appropriate actions, and at a wide range of other natural cognitive tasks. People are also far better at learning to do these things more accurately and fluently through processing experience.What is the basis for these differences? One answer, perhaps the classic one we might expect from artificial intelligence, is "software." If we only had the right computer program, the argument goes, we might be able to capture the fluidity and adaptability of human information processing. Certainly this answer is partially correct. There have been great breakthroughs in our understanding of cognition as a result of the development of expressive high-level computer languages and powerful algorithms. However, we do not think that software is the whole story.In our view, people are smarter than today's computers because the brain employs a basic computational architecture that is more suited to deal with a central aspect of the natural information processing tasks that people are so good at.... hese tasks generally require the simultaneous consideration of many pieces of information or constraints. Each constraint may be imperfectly specified and ambiguous, yet each can play a potentially decisive role in determining the outcome of processing. (McClelland, Rumelhart & Hinton, 1986, pp. 3-4)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Computers
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9 urge
ə:dʒ
1. сущ. побуждение, толчок to control an urge, to stifle an urge ≈ сдерживать порыв to feel an urge ≈ испытывать желание что-л. сделать irrepressible urge, irresistible urge ≈ непреодолимое желание sudden urge ≈ внезапный порыв She felt an urge to respond. ≈ Ей захотелось ответить. Syn: motive, impulse
2. гл.
1) подгонять, подстегивать (тж. urge on) (тж. перен.) ;
убеждать, советовать to urge forcefully, strongly ≈ сильно убеждать кого-л. в чем-л. She urged me to accept the compromise. ≈ Она убедила меня пойти на компромисс. We urged that the bill be (или should be) passed. ≈ Мы настояли на том, чтобы поправку приняли. Syn: prompt, impel, induce
2) надоедать, приставать ∙ urge along urge forward urge on urge upon urge to побуждение, побудительный мотив - creative * творческий порыв, творческое настроение - * to travel стремление к странствиям - to feel the * of ambition иметь честолюбивые побуждения понуждать, гнать, подгонять - the foreman *d his workers on бригадир поторапливал рабочих - with whip and spur the rider *d his horse onward хлыстом и шпорами всадник погонял свою лошадь - he *d (on) the crew to greater efforts он приказывал команде работать интенсивнее побуждать, заставлять - three general purposes have *d me to the task три главных цели заставили меня заняться этим вопросом подстрекать, науськивать - to * to riot подстрекать к беспорядкам - to * dogs on науськивать собак убеждать, настаивать;
настоятельно просить - we *d him to take steps мы настаивали на том, чтобы он принял меры - I *d him to take more care я умолял его быть более осторожным - he *d us to leave он настоятельно просил нас уехать - she *d that we should leave она считала, что мы обязательно должны уехать уговаривать;
навязывать( что-л.) - the saleswoman *d me to buy a new coat продавщица уговаривала меня купить новое пальто выдвигать;
отстаивать;
продвигать - to * a plan of action выдвинуть план действий - to * a claim выдвинуть претензию;
отстаивать свое право( на что-л.) - he *d every argument he could think of он привел все доводы, какие только мог найти - to * a cause along энергично двигать какое-л. дело доводить до сведения - to * the need of caution подчеркнуть необходимость осторожности - let me * upon you the importance of this measure позвольте мне обратить ваше внимание на важность этого мероприятия надоедать, докучать( техническое) форсировать urge доводить до сведения ~ заставлять ~ надоедать, твердить одно и то же ~ настаивать, заставлять ~ настаивать ~ настоятельно советовать ~ побудительный мотив ~ побуждать;
подстрекать ~ побуждать ~ понуждать, подгонять (тж. urge on) ~ понуждать, подгонять ~ толчок, побуждение ~ убеждать, настаивать на;
настоятельно советовать;
to urge (smth. upon smb.) убеждать (кого-л.) (в чем-л.) ~ убеждать, настаивать на;
настоятельно советовать;
to urge (smth. upon smb.) убеждать (кого-л.) (в чем-л.) ~ убеждать -
10 urge
1. [ɜ:dʒ] n обыкн. singпобуждение, побудительный мотивcreative urge - творческий порыв, творческое настроение
2. [ɜ:dʒ] vurge to travel - стремление /тяга/ к странствиям
1. понуждать, гнать, подгонять ( часто urge on)with whip and spur the rider urged his horse onward - хлыстом и шпорами всадник погонял свою лошадь
he urged (on) the crew to greater efforts - он приказывал команде работать интенсивнее /быстрее/
2. 1) побуждать, заставлятьthree general purposes have urged me to the task - три главных цели заставили меня заняться этим вопросом
2) подстрекать, науськивать3. 1) убеждать, настаивать; настоятельно проситьwe urged him to take steps - мы настаивали на том, чтобы он принял меры
she urged that we should leave - она считала, что мы обязательно должны уехать
2) уговаривать; навязывать (что-л.)the saleswoman urged me to buy a new coat - продавщица уговаривала меня купить новое пальто /навязывала мне новое пальто/
4. 1) выдвигать; отстаивать; продвигатьto urge a claim - выдвинуть претензию; отстаивать своё право (на что-л.)
he urged every argument he could think of - он привёл все доводы, какие только мог найти /придумать/
to urge a cause along - энергично двигать /проталкивать/ какое-л. дело
2) доводить до сведенияlet me urge upon you the importance of this measure - позвольте мне обратить ваше внимание на важность этого мероприятия
5. надоедать, докучать6. тех. форсировать -
11 set
1) набор
2) выметывать
3) задать
4) затвердевать
5) комплект
6) оклад
7) откорректировать
8) сет
9) упирать
10) установивший
11) помещать
12) множество
13) установленный
14) агрегат
15) агрегация
16) ансамбль
17) класс
18) партия
19) полагать
20) поставленный
21) семейство
22) сочетание
23) включать
– absorption of a set
– antipodal set
– automatic set point
– ball set hammer
– bargaining set
– belong to set
– bevel set hammer
– cardinality of a set
– carried set
– carrier set
– cluster set
– coal-getting set
– combination set
– compensation set
– complement of set
– complete set
– constitute set
– convergence set
– countable set
– course set
– creative set
– cup-point set screw
– data set
– data set allocation
– degenerate set
– dendritic set
– denumerable set
– derived set
– diameter of set of points
– Diesel-electric set
– Diesel-generator set
– directed set
– element of set
– emergency set
– empty set
– enchained set
– enumerable set
– exciter set
– factor set
– fluctuation are set up
– fluctuations are set up
– flywheel set
– gear set
– generating set
– have set pattern
– heading set
– headless set screw
– house set
– if we set
– inclusion in a set
– incompletable set
– indexing set
– infinite set
– information set
– inhibit set of concrete
– instruction set
– interior of set
– inverse set
– limit set
– meager set
– measurable set
– mobile set
– motion-picture set lighting
– motor-generator set
– non-denumerable set
– non-enumerable set
– nowhere-dense set
– null set
– open set
– opening set
– operator's set
– ordered set
– oscillator is set up as
– point set
– power-generating set
– product set
– productive set
– promote set of concrete
– quotient set
– radio set
– range set
– reference set
– retard set of concrete
– ringing set
– round set hammer
– scattered set
– separating set
– set a map
– set a problem
– set a seine
– set a tire
– set analyzer
– set aside for
– set azimuth
– set conditions for
– set controller
– set cross-hairs
– set data into
– set data manually
– set forth
– set forth above
– set in
– set in agate
– set in motion
– set is closed
– set lighting
– set limit to
– set of Belleville springs
– set of current
– set of drawing instruments
– set of equations
– set of five
– set of gate patterns
– set of gauge blocks
– set of gears
– set of logical elements
– set of measure zero
– set of operations
– set of patterns
– set of problems
– set of symbols
– set of technical aids
– set of three
– set of warp
– set of weft
– set off
– set off charge in blast-hole
– set pace
– set pace of development
– set parking brake
– set pin
– set plumb
– set pole
– set rivet
– set saw
– set screw
– set slide to
– set solid
– set stud
– set telescope
– set terminal
– set the center-punch
– set the heading
– set the vale
– set theory
– set tire on wheel
– set to unity
– set to zero
– set up
– set up a channel
– set up a level
– set up as anode
– set up call
– set up correspondence
– set up datum line
– set up depreciation fund
– set up equation
– set up fixed frequency
– set up frequency
– set up machine
– set up network analyzer
– set up plane table
– set up ray
– set up unit
– set up vibrations
– set voltmeter to zero
– set watch backward
– set watch forward
– shaft-sinking set
– short-wave set
– Sierpinski set
– snap set
– socket-powered set
– spanning set
– spring set
– square set hammer
– station set
– subscriber set
– subscriber's set
– table set
– table-top set
– tame set
– telephone set
– terminal set
– test set
– thin set
– to set
– transitivity set
– turbine-driven set
– turbine-generator set
– uncountable set
– well-ordered set
accomplish operations on set — производить операция над множество
angular cluster set — <math.> множество угловых предельных значений, угловое граничное множество
boundary cluster set — <math.> множество граничных предельных значений
fundamental probability set — множество элементарных событий
key pulsing telephone set — телефонный аппарат с кнопочным номеронабирателем
multi-operator welding set — многопостовой сварочный аппарат
operator's telephone set jack — гнездо гарнитуры телефонистки
recursively enumerable set — рекурсивное перечислимое множество
reflection measuring set — < radio> измеритель неоднородности линии
semiconductor assembly set — набор полупроводниковых приборов
set antenna to bear on an object — наводить антенну на объект
set triangle against T-square — прикладывать угольник к рейсшине
set up connection between caller — осуществлять соединение абонентов
single-operator welding set — однопостовой сварочный аппарат
transmission measuring set — измеритель затухания тракта, <tech.> аттенюометр, пегельмессер, указатель уровня передачи, уровнемер
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12 TIC
1) Общая лексика: (thematic index of citing) тИЦ (тематический индекс цитирования) (ТИЦ (тематический индекс цитирования) - числовой показатель, который определяет «авторитетность» интернет-ресурсов с учетом качественной характеристики ссылок на них с других сайто)2) Компьютерная техника: Technical Integrity Check3) Американизм: Tourist Information Centre4) Спорт: Teams In Competition5) Военный термин: Targeting Interlock Circuit, Technical Instructors Courses, Technical Interface Certification, Technical Interface Concept, Technology Integration Center, tactical intelligence center, target image coincidence, target information center, target intercept computer, technical information center, technical intelligence center, telemetry instrumentation controller, theater intelligence center, troops-in-contact, temporarily in command, токсичный промышленный химикат (Toxic Industrial Chemical), ТПХ, ТПХВ, токсичное промышленное химическое вещество, Toxic Industrial Contaminant6) Техника: tape identification card, temperature of initial combustion, thermionic converter, time integrating correlator, time interval counter, timing channel, transfer in channel, tuned IC7) Шутливое выражение: The Infernal Catfish, This Is China8) Юридический термин: Tenancy In Common9) Бухгалтерия: Technical Issues Committee10) Автомобильный термин: thermal ignition control (Chrysler)11) Биржевой термин: Tenant In Common, Tenants In Common12) Телекоммуникации: Talking In Confidence13) Сокращение: Target Insertion Controller, Target Interceptor Computer, Technology Integration Centre, Tel-Instrument Electronics Corp. (USA), TermInfo Compiler, tongue in cheek, Taken Into Consideration14) Университет: The Internet Class, Threatening Intellectual Clique16) Транспорт: Traffic Information Collecting, Travel Insurance And Credit, Traveler Information Center17) Фирменный знак: Thailand Information Center18) Экология: total inorganic carbon, Toxic Industrial Chemical19) Налоги: ИНН (Кипр Британия), Tax Identification Code (аналог ИНН на Кипре)20) СМИ: The Independent Caver21) Деловая лексика: Technique Insight And Communication, The Inner Circle22) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: total invested capital, контроллер измерителя температуры (temperature indicator controller)23) Образование: Talented Impressive And Creative, The Internet Classroom24) ЕБРР: true interest cost25) Полимеры: temperature of the initial combustion26) Сахалин Р: Total Installed Cost, temperature indicator controller27) Сахалин Ю: total indicated cost28) Медицинская техника: Cranial Bone Thermal Index29) Химическое оружие: temperature indicating controller30) Хроматография: полный ионный ток ( Total ion current)31) Расширение файла: Task Interrupt Control32) Общественная организация: The Information Center33) Чат: Talking In Character, The Internet Club34) Федеральное бюро расследований: Tickler Copy of Documents made35) Международная торговля: Trade Information Center -
13 tic
1) Общая лексика: (thematic index of citing) тИЦ (тематический индекс цитирования) (ТИЦ (тематический индекс цитирования) - числовой показатель, который определяет «авторитетность» интернет-ресурсов с учетом качественной характеристики ссылок на них с других сайто)2) Компьютерная техника: Technical Integrity Check3) Американизм: Tourist Information Centre4) Спорт: Teams In Competition5) Военный термин: Targeting Interlock Circuit, Technical Instructors Courses, Technical Interface Certification, Technical Interface Concept, Technology Integration Center, tactical intelligence center, target image coincidence, target information center, target intercept computer, technical information center, technical intelligence center, telemetry instrumentation controller, theater intelligence center, troops-in-contact, temporarily in command, токсичный промышленный химикат (Toxic Industrial Chemical), ТПХ, ТПХВ, токсичное промышленное химическое вещество, Toxic Industrial Contaminant6) Техника: tape identification card, temperature of initial combustion, thermionic converter, time integrating correlator, time interval counter, timing channel, transfer in channel, tuned IC7) Шутливое выражение: The Infernal Catfish, This Is China8) Юридический термин: Tenancy In Common9) Бухгалтерия: Technical Issues Committee10) Автомобильный термин: thermal ignition control (Chrysler)11) Биржевой термин: Tenant In Common, Tenants In Common12) Телекоммуникации: Talking In Confidence13) Сокращение: Target Insertion Controller, Target Interceptor Computer, Technology Integration Centre, Tel-Instrument Electronics Corp. (USA), TermInfo Compiler, tongue in cheek, Taken Into Consideration14) Университет: The Internet Class, Threatening Intellectual Clique16) Транспорт: Traffic Information Collecting, Travel Insurance And Credit, Traveler Information Center17) Фирменный знак: Thailand Information Center18) Экология: total inorganic carbon, Toxic Industrial Chemical19) Налоги: ИНН (Кипр Британия), Tax Identification Code (аналог ИНН на Кипре)20) СМИ: The Independent Caver21) Деловая лексика: Technique Insight And Communication, The Inner Circle22) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: total invested capital, контроллер измерителя температуры (temperature indicator controller)23) Образование: Talented Impressive And Creative, The Internet Classroom24) ЕБРР: true interest cost25) Полимеры: temperature of the initial combustion26) Сахалин Р: Total Installed Cost, temperature indicator controller27) Сахалин Ю: total indicated cost28) Медицинская техника: Cranial Bone Thermal Index29) Химическое оружие: temperature indicating controller30) Хроматография: полный ионный ток ( Total ion current)31) Расширение файла: Task Interrupt Control32) Общественная организация: The Information Center33) Чат: Talking In Character, The Internet Club34) Федеральное бюро расследований: Tickler Copy of Documents made35) Международная торговля: Trade Information Center -
14 work
1. n1) работа, труд; производство2) печатный труд, сочинение, произведение3) pl предприятие4) pl механизм•to appeal to smb to return to work — призывать кого-л. вернуться на работу
to be the work of smb — быть делом рук кого-л.
to carry on / out work — выполнять / делать работу, заниматься работой
to conduct / to do work — выполнять / делать работу, заниматься работой
to co-ordinate the economic and social work — координировать экономическую и социальную деятельность
to cut / to lessen / to reduce the hours of work — сокращать рабочий день
to direct and co-ordinate smb's work — направлять и координировать чью-л. деятельность
to do the donkey work — разг. вкалывать, ишачить
to focus the work on economic and social development — сосредоточивать работу на социально-экономическом развитии
to initiate work — начинать работу, приступить к работе
to inspect smb's work — проверять чью-л. работу
to intensify the work — усиливать работу, интенсифицировать труд
to perform the work — выполнять / делать работу, заниматься работой
to pour sand in the work — перен. вставлять палки в колеса
to return to work — возвращаться на работу (напр. после забастовки)
to stay away from work — не выходить на работу; бастовать
to stop work — прекращать работу, бастовать
to supplement the work of smb — дополнять чью-л. работу
- active workto undertake work — браться за / начинать / предпринимать работу
- allotment of work
- amount of work
- brain work
- casual work
- classified work
- collective work
- contract work
- contractual work
- creative work
- cultural work
- day-to-day work
- dead horse work
- decontamination work
- development work
- disincentive to work
- educational work
- efficient work
- emergency work
- explanatory work
- extra work
- field work
- fruitful work
- full-time work
- habits of work
- hand work
- hard work
- health work
- ideological work
- improvement in work
- in search of work
- independent work
- international work
- joint work
- killing work
- low-paid work
- maintenance work
- manual work
- mental work
- odd work
- office work
- organizational work
- out of work
- overtime work
- pace of work
- part-time work
- person out of work
- physical work
- pick-and-shovel work
- Pickle Work
- piece work
- political work
- practical work
- preliminary work
- preparatory work
- productive work - public sector work
- public work
- publicity work
- quality of work
- regular work
- relief work
- research work
- return to work - rush work
- schedule work
- seasonal work
- short-time work
- skilled work
- skunk work
- slovenly work
- social work
- subsidiary work
- task work
- team work
- temporary work
- theoretical works
- those in work
- time work
- undercover works
- vital work
- volunteer work
- wage work
- wet work
- work in process
- year-round work 2. vработать; трудитьсяto work closely with smb — тесно сотрудничать с кем-л.
to work for Jesus — жарг. "работать на дядю" ( бесплатно выполнять дополнительную работу)
to work out — разрабатывать (план и т.п.)
to work together — работать вместе; сотрудничать
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15 urge
1. nспонука, спонукальний мотив; поштовх2. v1) примушувати, гнати, підганяти (тж urge on)2) спонукати, змушувати3) переконувати, наполягати; настійно прохати4) наполегливо радити, наводити (докази тощо)5) доводити до відомаlet me urge upon you the importance of this argument — дозвольте мені звернути вашу увагу на важливість цього аргументу
6) набридати, надокучати7) тех. форсувати* * *I n; singспонукання, мотивcreative urge — творчий порив, творчий настрій
II vurge to travel — прагнення /тяга/ до подорожей
1) спонукати, гнати, підганяти ( часто urge on)with whip and spur the rider urged his horse onward — хлистом, шпорами вершник погоняв свого коня
2) змушуватиthree general purposes have urge d me to the task — три головні мети змусили мене зайнятися цим питанням; підбурювати, нацьковувати
3) переконувати, наполягати; наполегливо проситиwe urged him to take steps — ми наполягали на тому, щоб він прийняв заходи
I urged him to take more care — я благав його бути більш уважним; вмовляти; нав'язувати (що-н.)
4) висувати; відстоювати; просуватиto urge a claim — висунути претензію; відстоювати своє право (на що-н.); доводити до відома
let me urge upon you the importance of this measure — дозвольте мені звернути вашу увагу на важливість цього заходу
5) надоїдати, докучати6) тex. форсувати -
16 urge
I n; singспонукання, мотивcreative urge — творчий порив, творчий настрій
II vurge to travel — прагнення /тяга/ до подорожей
1) спонукати, гнати, підганяти ( часто urge on)with whip and spur the rider urged his horse onward — хлистом, шпорами вершник погоняв свого коня
2) змушуватиthree general purposes have urge d me to the task — три головні мети змусили мене зайнятися цим питанням; підбурювати, нацьковувати
3) переконувати, наполягати; наполегливо проситиwe urged him to take steps — ми наполягали на тому, щоб він прийняв заходи
I urged him to take more care — я благав його бути більш уважним; вмовляти; нав'язувати (що-н.)
4) висувати; відстоювати; просуватиto urge a claim — висунути претензію; відстоювати своє право (на що-н.); доводити до відома
let me urge upon you the importance of this measure — дозвольте мені звернути вашу увагу на важливість цього заходу
5) надоїдати, докучати6) тex. форсувати -
17 War on Poverty
ист"Война с бедностью"Правительственная программа, принятая администрацией президента Л. Джонсона [ Johnson, Lyndon Baines (LBJ)] в соответствии с положениями Закона об экономических возможностях 1964 [ Economic Opportunity Act of 1964]; являлась частью плана "Великое общество" [ Great Society]. Провозглашена президентом в обращении к нации [ State of the Union message] 8 января 1964. Джонсон сказал: "Многие американцы живут на задворках надежды, одни по причине бедности, другие из-за своего цвета кожи, и слишком многие из-за того и другого. Наша задача сделать все, чтобы их отчаяние отступило в результате решительной войны с бедностью в Америке" ["... many Americans live on the outskirts of hope, some because of their poverty and some because of their color, and too many because of both. Our task is to help replace their despair with unconditional war on poverty in America..."]. Предусматривалось расширение программ социальной помощи нуждающимся, число которых к 1964 достигало 35 млн. человек, главным образом через программы общинных действий [ Community Action Program]. Претворение программы в жизнь возлагалось на Управление по созданию экономических возможностей [Office of Economic Opportunity (OEO)] во главе с С. Шрайвером [ Shriver, Robert Sargent, Jr.]. Продолжающаяся война во Вьетнаме, на ведение которой тратились колоссальные общественные средства, превратила, по словам Р. Никсона [ Nixon, Richard Milhous], войну с бедностью в войну с процветанием ["War on Prosperity"]. Тем не менее существенным достижением программы стало сокращение уровня безработицы до 5,3 процента.English-Russian dictionary of regional studies > War on Poverty
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18 urge
1. n обыкн. sing побуждение, побудительный мотивcreative urge — творческий порыв, творческое настроение
2. v понуждать, гнать, подгонять3. v побуждать, заставлятьthree general purposes have urged me to the task — три главных цели заставили меня заняться этим вопросом
4. v подстрекать, науськивать5. v убеждать, настаивать; настоятельно проситьwe urged him to take steps — мы настаивали на том, чтобы он принял меры
6. v уговаривать; навязывать7. v выдвигать; отстаивать; продвигать8. v доводить до сведения9. v надоедать, докучать10. v тех. форсироватьСинонимический ряд:1. drive (noun) appetite; appetition; craving; desire; drive; force; hunger; influence; longing; lust; passion; push; yearning2. stimulus (noun) impulse; itch; reflex; stimulus3. advise (verb) advise; advocate; counsel; exhort; recommend4. allege (verb) allege; assert; asseverate; aver; declare; insist upon; maintain5. implore (verb) beg; beseech; entreat; implore; importune; induce; persuade; request; solicit6. press (verb) egg on; goad; insist; press; pressure; prick; prod; prompt; propel; sic7. push (verb) drive; force; hasten; impel; push8. spur (verb) activate; animate; incite; instigate; move; spur; stimulateАнтонимический ряд:command; discourage; force; hinder; hold; inhibit; obstruct; repress; repulsion; restrain; retain
См. также в других словарях:
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